Adults with Autism Face Unique Challenges

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong developmental condition impacting communication, behavior, and social interactions. While historically focused on children, the need for specialized care for adults with autism is growing. Their needs evolve as they transition to adulthood, requiring a comprehensive, person-centered approach.

With the growing number of people with autism, you might know someone with the condition; however, most people still know more about the condition from the media.

The character Sheldon Cooper from the television show "The Big Bang Theory" is often speculated to have traits consistent with ASD. However, the show's creators have not officially diagnosed him with autism within the official storyline of CBS’s "Big Bang Theory" or "Young Sheldon."

Sheldon exhibits many characteristics commonly associated with autism, such as difficulties with social interactions, a strong preference for routines, and intense focus on specific interests.

In interviews, actor Jim Parsons, who plays Sheldon, and the show's co-creator Bill Prady have mentioned that while Sheldon's behavior may resemble those with autism, he was not written with a specific diagnosis in mind.

We write the character as the character. A lot of people see various things in him and make the connections.

Yet, with the growing number of people with ASD, their families may see a direct connection. One in forty-five adults in the U.S. have autism, with one in thirty-six children in the U.S. having autism. The number of older adults with the condition will grow in the coming decades.

Understanding Adult Autism Variations

Autism manifests differently in each individual. Some adults with autism live independently and have fulfilling careers and social lives, while others require significant daily support. Common challenges include social interactions, communication, sensory sensitivities, and repetitive behaviors.

Sheldon Cooper from The Big Bang Theory and Young Sheldon exhibits several behaviors and characteristics that resemble those associated with ASD. Here are some examples from both shows:

The Big Bang Theory:

1. Social Interactions: Sheldon often struggles with understanding social cues and norms. For example, he has difficulty interpreting sarcasm, idioms, and non-verbal communication. He frequently makes blunt and inappropriate comments without realizing they might offend others.
2. Routine and Predictability: Sheldon has a strong need for routines and predictability. He adheres to a strict schedule, including designated spots for sitting and a detailed bathroom schedule. Deviations from these routines cause him significant distress.
3. Special Interests: Sheldon exhibits intense focus on specific interests, particularly in physics and comic books. His knowledge in these areas is extensive, and he often talks about them in great detail, sometimes ignoring social context or others' interest levels.
4. Sensory Sensitivities: There are instances where Sheldon displays sensory sensitivities, such as his aversion to certain textures and his specific requirements for his food.
5. Literal Interpretation: Sheldon often interprets language very literally. For instance, in one episode, he struggles to understand the concept of a "sarcasm sign" because he takes statements at face value.

Young Sheldon:

1. Early Signs of Intellectual Gifts and Social Challenges: The show portrays Sheldon as a young prodigy, excelling academically but facing challenges in social interaction. He struggles to make friends and understand typical childhood behaviors.
2. Rigid Thinking: Young Sheldon is depicted as having a very black-and-white view of the world. He has difficulty with abstract thinking and often insists on strict adherence to rules and logic.
3. Sensory Issues: In Young Sheldon, there are moments that suggest sensory sensitivities, such as his need for specific clothing fabrics and his discomfort in chaotic environments.
4. Difficulty with Empathy: Sheldon often shows difficulty understanding and responding to others' emotions. This is highlighted in various episodes where he fails to grasp why people are upset or what they need emotionally.

Areas of Support for Adults with Autism

Adults with autism often have co-occurring medical and mental health conditions such as anxiety, depression, epilepsy, or gastrointestinal issues. Regular health checkups with professionals who are knowledgeable about autism are essential.

Mental health support is equally critical, as many adults with autism experience heightened levels of stress and anxiety. Therapy, including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), can be beneficial in managing these challenges. There is also in-home autism care available for those who require additional help.

There are several areas those with ASD will need help with as adults.

1. Healthcare and Mental Health: Adults with autism often have co-occurring conditions like anxiety, depression, epilepsy, or digestive issues. Regular checkups with autism-knowledgeable healthcare professionals are crucial. Mental health support is vital, as many adults with autism experience high levels of stress and anxiety. Therapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), can be beneficial.
2. Employment Support: Employment fosters purpose and financial independence. Some people with autism will thrive in specialized roles that leverage their unique strengths, such as attention to detail and pattern recognition. However, adults with autism often face job market barriers.) Employment support services include job coaching, vocational training, and workplace accommodations. Some adults with autism excel in specialized roles, leveraging their unique strengths like detail orientation and pattern recognition.
3. Independent Living Skills: Many adults with autism aspire to live independently. Life skills training programs teach essential skills like cooking, budgeting, and personal hygiene to help them achieve this goal. Supervised or supported living arrangements balance independence and assistance for those needing more support.
4. Social and Recreational Activities: Social isolation is common for adults with autism. Facilitated social groups, recreational activities, and community integration programs can help build meaningful relationships and improve social skills. These activities also offer respite for caregivers.
5. Legal and Financial Planning: Adults with autism may require assistance with legal and financial matters. Special needs trusts, guardianships, and conservatorships are tools for financial security and well-being. Financial planning should also consider long-term care needs; however, many insurance companies will not offer coverage for those with ASD. Be sure to speak with a Long-Term Care Insurance specialist for more details.

As adults with autism age, the need for long-term care will increase as their ability to remain independent will be challenged by aging and health issues. Planning for long-term care options, including in-home care, assisted living facilities, or nursing homes, is essential to ensure their continued well-being.

A Call for Continued Support

Raising awareness and advocating for resources and policies supporting adults with autism is crucial. With the right support, adults with autism can lead fulfilling, productive lives and contribute meaningfully to their communities.

Additional Resources:

• Autism Speaks: https://www.autismspeaks.org/adults-22
• Verywell Health: https://www.verywellhealth.com/adult-autism-4122566
• Easterseals: https://psychcentral.com/autism/autism-in-older-adults