Staffing Rules Goal to Improve Nursing Home Care
The new Nursing Home Minimum Staffing Rule is intended to impact the long-term care landscape in the United States significantly. This groundbreaking federal regulation mandates specific staffing levels in nursing homes that receive Medicare or Medicaid funding, marking the first time such standards have been enforced nationally.
Medicaid pays for most long-term care services in the United States, although it requires the care recipient to have limited financial resources.
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), through the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), says that over 1.2 million residents receive care in Medicare and Medicaid-certified nursing homes daily. CMS says adequate staffing is essential to providing an environment where residents receive safe, high-quality care while being treated with dignity.
Updated federal rules could impact the quality of care and the financial stability of providers offering Medicaid and Medicare nursing home services.
Increase Staffing Mandates
Under the new rule, non-rural nursing homes must meet a minimum of 3.48 hours of nursing care per resident per day (HPRD) by 2026, with at least 0.55 hours provided by registered nurses and 2.45 hours by nurse aides.
For a setting with 100 residents, this would mean a minimum of two to three registered nurses, 10 to 11 nurse aides, and two additional nursing staff who may be registered or unregistered.
Rural facilities have until 2027 to meet similar requirements. Additionally, these facilities must have a registered nurse on-site 24 hours a day, seven days a week. While the rule aims to improve the quality of care by ensuring adequate staffing, it also introduces challenges, especially for facilities already struggling with staffing shortages and financial constraints.
The rule includes provisions for temporary hardship exemptions for facilities that can demonstrate a significant shortage of available nursing staff or other extenuating circumstances. However, these exemptions are limited and come with strict requirements, including transparency in notifying residents and potential residents of the facility's staffing challenges.
The rule's implementation is expected to reduce staff burnout, lower turnover, and promote more consistent care, ultimately benefiting residents. However, there are concerns that the increased staffing requirements might exacerbate existing challenges, particularly the reliance on agency staff and the potential closure of facilities that are unable to meet the new standards.
Funds to Recruit and Train Caregivers
The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) is investing $75 million in a national Nursing Home Staffing Campaign to recruit more workers into the long-term care sector, but the effectiveness of these efforts remains to be seen.
However, the goal is to increase the number of qualified caregivers and enhance the skills of existing long-term care staff. This includes supporting current workers and students pursuing relevant nursing degrees, such as those enrolled in online accelerated BSN programs.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Xavier Becerra says they are taking necessary steps to strengthen care provided through Medicaid.
"We are taking important steps to strengthen care provided through Medicaid, said Becerra, including "establishing national staffing standards for nursing homes to enhance care for residents while improving conditions for workers," he said.
This will help ensure that millions of people have access to high-quality health care and that the dedicated workers who provide care to our loved ones are fully valued for their work.
New Rules Could Lead to Facility Closures
While there is widespread support for improving staffing levels in nursing homes, the Nursing Home Minimum Staffing Rule has also faced criticism.
Overall, while the new staffing requirements are a step towards improving care quality, they also present significant challenges that will need to be carefully managed to avoid unintended consequences, such as the closure of facilities or the displacement of residents.
The American Health Care Association is cautioning that facilities may have to close.
The staffing mandate will put nursing homes in an impossible position, forcing many to close their doors. This will limit resident choice, reduce access to care, and eliminate thousands of jobs.
The National Center for Assisted Living says that while they support improving care for residents, the mandate does not address the root causes of the staffing crisis.
It will be impossible for many facilities to meet these requirements due to the severe workforce shortage.
Critics of the mandated staffing ratio argue that it doesn't inherently ensure quality care, pointing out that factors like staff training, experience, and workload distribution are equally crucial. They express concerns that facilities might focus solely on meeting the minimum staffing levels without prioritizing resident-centered care.
Additionally, opponents highlight that the one-size-fits-all approach of the minimum staffing rule may not consider the diverse needs of different nursing homes. This mandate could prove overly burdensome for smaller facilities or those serving specialized populations, potentially straining resources without necessarily improving care quality.